用 Redis 存储 ID 连续的数据
2014 8 11 02:14 AM 2251次查看
在使用关系型数据库时,自增的主键可以满足这个需求,而在 Redis 中就稍微麻烦些了。
一直以来我都额外使用了一个计数器来存储 ID,例如(省略了很多代码,不影响阅读):
class IDModel(JSONModel):
id = IntegerProperty()
@classmethod
def get_by_id(cls, entity_id):
json_content = cls.redis_client.hget(cls._KEY, entity_id)
if json_content:
return cls.from_json(json_content)
@classmethod
def get_by_ids(cls, ids):
if not ids:
return []
results = cls.redis_client.hmget(cls._KEY, ids)
return [cls.from_json(json_content)
for json_content in results]
@classmethod
def get_next_id(cls):
return MAX_ID.get_next_id(cls._KEY)
def save(self):
self._populate_default_attributes()
self._save_self()
def _populate_default_attributes(self):
if self.id is None:
self.id = self.get_next_id()
def _save_self(self):
self.redis_client.hset(self._KEY, self.id, self.to_json())
class MAX_ID(SimpleModel):
@classmethod
def get_next_id(cls, for_type, increment=1):
return cls.redis_client.hincrby(cls._KEY, for_type, increment)
@classmethod
def get_max_id(cls, for_type):
return int(cls.redis_client.hget(cls._KEY, for_type) or 0)
这种方式的优点是简单,比较适合存储 ID 不连续的数据;缺点是使用了 hash,比较占内存。刚才又想到一种方法,直接把数据存到 list 里,然后依靠其长度来定 ID,例如:
class IDModel(JSONModel):
id = IntegerProperty()
@classmethod
def get_by_id(cls, entity_id):
json_content = cls.redis_client.lindex(cls._KEY, entity_id)
if json_content:
return cls.from_json(json_content)
@classmethod
def get_by_ids(cls, ids):
if not ids:
return []
key = cls._KEY
pipe = cls.redis_client.pipeline(transaction=False)
for entity_id in ids:
pipe.lindex(key, entity_id)
results = pipe.execute()
return [cls.from_json(json_content)
for json_content in results]
def save(self):
key = self._KEY
if self.id is None:
with self.redis_client.pipeline() as pipe:
try:
pipe.watch(key)
self.id = pipe.llen(key) + 1
pipe.multi()
pipe.rpush(key, self.to_json())
pipe.execute()
except Exception:
self.id = None
raise
else:
self.redis_client.lset(key, self.id, self.to_json())
缺点大致有如下三点:- ID 必须连续
- 依赖事务,导致 _populate_default_attributes() 的逻辑不好分离
- 获取多个 ID 对应的实体需要执行多条语句
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